Money in Politics

Politics Under the influence and lobbying I found that a lot interest groups in order to make themselves known they have to spend money to maintain their presence. During my research I noticed a couple effects of money in Politics. One was Health; to my understanding physicians and other health professionals are traditionally the largest sources of federal campaign contributions in this sector, which it has contributed a record $116. 8 million to federal candidates during the 2008 election cycle.I also noticed that pharmaceutical companies and HMO's are consistently generous givers. The health sector as a whole traditionally contributes to republican candidates and parties, certain industries, such as nurses, give more generously to democrats. The fact that the Democratic Party has held office in the past two terms, the health sector has been more giving towards them. I believe this is really smart, considering the fact that wealthier people, as far as doctors usually donate more tow ards the Republican Party.It seems as if they would like to donate their money where there is more control as of now. To my understanding that seems like that they are playing he field very well. Some of the top contributors in 2011-2012 were, Abelson Drug Clinic, donating an amount of 41 they were considered as an outside spending group, Cooperative of American Physicians, donating $2,965,980, also considered as an outside spending group. Another was the American Society of Anesthesiologists, $ 1,565,400, republicans.To me I viewed a lot of this information as, the more money that you have the more of an influence you able to make. Also it has been a change in money and politics due to the fact that big money has always dominated our government and elections. And it has gotten worse since the Supreme Courts, Citizens United ruling in 2010, which allowed corporations to spend unlimited amounts of money on our elections. But as we saw in the election between Mitt Romney and Barack Ob ama, all the private investors that Mitt had didn't win the election.Last year a lot of â€Å"Independent† groups spent about $1 billion on elections. A lot of the money came from anonymous individuals and corporations. I believe that the problem in America politics isn't the amount of money these investors or donators spend on campaigns, I think it is more so who is paying for them, or what re they getting in return for their large lump sums of money that they are donating. Another sector that I looked at was the Finance/ Insurance/ Real Estate.The financial sector is the largest source of campaign contributions to federal candidates and parties, with insurance company's securities and investment firms, real estate interests and commercial banks providing the bulk of the money. What I noticed is that unlike the Health sector, the financial sector contributes generous sums to both parties, but republicans are traditionally collecting more than democrats. It's weird that regar ding the mortgage and banking crises in 2008, the financial sector still managed to donate $468 8 million to tederal campaigns and candidates.To me it doesn't seem like the financial sector was going through that much of a crises considering the large amount of money that that was donated, which was a 80 percent increase during the two previous years. Second I found that recipients of campaign money was a very interesting stand point, considering that the political parties and candidates raise very large amounts of money but spend Just as much as hey raised. For instance the Democratic Party raised $1 with debts that add up to $64,614,629.And the Republican Party raised $1,023,169,751 and spent 59,875 with a debt of 24,337,181. The problem with money in politics is not so much the amount that is spent on campaigns as it is who pays for them, what they get in return, and how that affects public policy and spending priorities. Money that should be going to schools, education, infrastr ucture, and healthcare is redirected to the obscene military war machine socialism for the defense industries. Meanwhile, e are cutting teachers, lessons, and many items that make us a civilized nation.These are more effects that money and politics have on my life. I feel that a lot can be done in order to change what's going on within our government. I feel the causes of more money spent within government leaves with the effect of a poor democracy. John F. Kennedy once said â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. † But what is the country doing for average Americans? I hope one day things can change for the better not for the worse, because in the end the average poor American suffers the effects.

Respiratory System Study Guide

Respiratory System Study guide: Answer the following, submit through the assignments link as an msword document. 1. What percent of air is oxygen? 21% of air is oxygen. 2. What is the entire process of gas exchange between atmosphere and body cells called It is called respiration. 3. What is the waste product of cells? Carbon dioxide is the waste product of cells. 4. What organs are located in the upper respiratory tract? The organs that are located in the upper respiratory tract are the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx. 5.What organs are in the lower respiratory tract? The organs that are located in the lower respiratory tract are the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs. 6. What is the function of the nasal cavity? The nasal cavity is where the internal hairs begin to filter air. The primary function is to conduct air to the pharynx, where mucous lining filters and moistens air. 7. What does mucous do? The mucous entraps dust and other small particles that e nter with air. As cilia move, it push mucous with dust towards pharynx, where it is swallowed and digested by stomach. . What is the function of the larynx? The function of larynx is to conduct air in and out of trachea, prevent foreign objects from entering trachea. Also houses the vocal cords. 9. Which lung is larger, the right or the left? The right lung is larger than the left lung. 10. What is laryngitis? Laryngitis is horseness or loss of voice, mucous membrane becomes inflames, can cause obstruction of airway. 11. What is a bronchoscopy? Bronchoscoy is produce used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree. 12.The paranasal sinuses are resonant chambers that affect the quality of voice and function to _________. Reduce the weight of skull and resonant chambers that affect quality of voice. 13. What is found within the trachea that prevents it from collapsing and blocking the airway? Within the trachea are 20 â€Å"C† shaped pieces of cartilage that prevent it from collapsing and blocking the airway. 14. What is inspiration? Occurs when pressure inside alveoli decreases and atmospheric pressure is greater. 15. What is tidal volume? The amount of air that enters or leaves the lung.

Manufacturing Industry Evaluation Research Paper

Manufacturing Industry Evaluation - Research Paper Example 1.6 percent, 51.1 percent and 75.5 percent for the fluid milk industry, women’s and girl’s cut and sew dresses and the envelopes industries, and the electronics computers industries, respectively. According to this census, the level of competition for the fluid milk, women’s and girl’s cut and sew dresses, envelopes is highest for fluid milk and envelopes considering that Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is 1060, 829.9 and 185.5, respectively. The level of competition for the electronic computers industry is extremely high, considering that the Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is one of the highest at 2662.0. This reveals that the level of competition is lowest in the envelopes industry, whose Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is the lowest at 185.5, respectively. Oligopolies can be defined as industries whereby there are a small number of sellers or competitors. According to this definition, some of the listed industries that qualify as oligopolists include the envelope industry and the fluid milk manufacturing, whereby there are only 166 and 315 companies in the industries, a small number of industries in consideration of the other industries that have large number of competitors. The electronic computer manufacturing industry, for example, has 465 competitors or member companies. This means that the industry cannot be described as an oligopoly, rather, as an industry that is experiencing perfect competition. Some of the firms that operate in these industries are listed below. In the envelope industry, these firms include Warren De La Rue and Edwin Hill. In the fluid milk manufacturing, these companies include the Elmhurst Dairy, Inc., the Southeast Milk Inc., the Oberweis Dairy, the Dairy Dynamics, LLC, and the Rutter Bros Dairy, Inc (McEa chern, 2012). According to the definition of oligopolies above, one is bound to think that oligopolies are always bad for society. However, the listed

Importance of Play Pedagogy in the Curriculum for Young Children's Essay

Importance of Play Pedagogy in the Curriculum for Young Children's Learning and Development - Essay Example r hand is a preset framework that outlines all what learners should be taught the quality and to some extent the methods that should be used, it however provides allowance for the teacher to act flexible based on the education setting or context. Most definitions of play tend to emphasize on the fact that it is a non-serious activity done for enjoyment especially for children, bearing this general definition in mind, one immediately sees why the idea of uniting it to pedagogy and curriculum would be a challenge to many. Pedagogy is seen as a formal and serious construct and there traditional schools f though imagined that the only rile lay would serve in pedagogy was disruptive as opposed to constructive. Therefore this ensured that play was separated from the curriculum and by extension pedagogy, however studies by constructivists such as Vygostky and Piaget have in the past few decades revolutionize this perception. Background Archaeological and anthropological records show evidenc e of the presence of play, dating back to the prehistoric times, since in various sites, archaeologist have discovered several items that are attributed to a playful human history. This evidence includes dice gaming sticks and bones all, which can be traced as far back to the Palaeolithic era (Fox 1977). Excavations in countries like China have discovered miniature metal and clay toys that are presumed to have been used by children, in addition there in the Egyptian temples there are drawings of adults and children actively engaged in play. Historical and anthropological studies in to the nature of the European childhood have revealed that like today, the classical Greek and roman cultures valued play and comparative analysis indicate that much of what is practiced today evolved from the ex... This paper stresses that role play in pedagogy has radically changed and diversified over time and there is little doubt that it will continue to do so in posterity. However it remains a serious challenge for anyone to make a definitive prediction of the future of the construct owing to the extensive differences in the implementation and integration of play in curriculum. For one despite policy regarding EYFE, many teacher do not spend as much time as they should assisting or supervising play because they fear, rightfully so, that it will negatively affect the measurable output form their learner which in the paper grades. This report makes a conclusion that while there are those who hold that didactic learning is more important than play, empirical and theoretical knowledge proves beyond any doubt that children benefit a great deal from play especially when applied creatively by the teacher. An examination of the various types of play reveals that from the time they are born a child will try to engage in some sort of play and it is through such activity that they interact with the world and independently develop, social, cognitive intellectual and other skills. Therefore it is essential that institutions and individual engaged in pedagogy take to consideration the benefits of play and create time space and opportunity for children to play since in the long run, they will be better students and more balanced in terms of social cognitive advancement if they have ample chances to play as opposed to being continuously drilled.

Vicarious Liability and the Close Connection Test Essay

Vicarious Liability and the Close Connection Test - Essay Example In Lister, the close connection test was first enumerated, finding that it was fair and just to find a close connection between the warden's sexual abuse of boys in his care and his duties as a warden. In other words, in this case, it found that the sexual abuse was inextricably woven in the duties of the warden, in that if the warden did not have the duties that he did   - checking up on children at night, alone – then the warden would not have the opportunity to sexually abuse the boys in his care. While this case was landmark, in that it put employers on the hook for intentional torts if the intentional torts arose because the duties of the employee essentially allowed the intentional tort to occur, this rule is not sufficiently bright line to encompass every situation. This principle would come into play in the case of Dubai Aluminum v. Salaam as well.   In the case of Dubai, the question was whether the firm would be liable for tortious acts of a member of the partner ship, as well as acts which would be considered to be equitable wrongs, such as the wrongs which were engaged in by Salaam in this case.   There are elements of agent and principle in this case, because Amhurst in this case would be considered to be an agent of the solicitor firm that he was a partner of.   However, in this case, it was held to be in the ordinary course of business, so both tortious wrongs and dishonest breaches would make the firm vicariously liable, therefore the principle should be on the hook for the agent's acts.... i case, it has long been a tenant for torts that it does not matter if something is expressly forbidden – typically the employer would still be liable for the actions of the employee. This principle was established in 1862 with the case of Limpus v. London General Omnibus Co.2 In the Limpus case, the company expressly told the driver of the omnibus not to race other omnibuses, yet the driver did this, and the omnibus overturned. However, the Limpus case is difficult to square with another case with similar facts, which found that if an employee does something that is not done with the knowledge or consent of the employer, this often means that the employer is not vicariously liable for the resulting negligence, which puts the onus on the injured party. The case is Conway v. George Wimpey & Co. Ltd.3 In the Conway case, the employee picked up the plaintiff, who was also an employee, and got into an accident. Since the employer did not know nor authorize the employee to do this, it was held that the employer was not liable. This seems to be an arbitrary case, in light of the principles set forth in Limpus. New Close Connection Test While the old test states that employers are generally no liable for their employees’ intentional acts, this has been evolving. Consider the case of Lister v. Hesley Hall Ltd.4 This apparently was one of the first times that employers are said to be liable for intentional acts of their employees. In Lister, the close connection test was first enumerated, finding that it was fair and just to find a close connection between the warden's sexual abuse of boys in his care and his duties as a warden. In other words, in this case, it found that the sexual abuse was inextricably woven in the duties of the warden, in that if the warden did not have

EVALUATING MINIMUM WAGE AS A LEGAL PRICE Research Paper - 1

EVALUATING MINIMUM WAGE AS A LEGAL PRICE - Research Paper Example This could sometimes result to negative economic impacts. This paper discusses the issue of evaluating minimum wage as a legal price. In the paper, we present the arguments behind this issue as well as some of its assessments. Increase in unemployment is a factor of minimum wage as a legal price. The rate of increase in unemployment depends with whether the minimum wage set is for skilled laborers or unskilled laborers. According to OECD (2011), job opportunities in the labor market for young people and unskilled workers are reduced by increase in minimum wages. However, the impact is different for the case of skilled workers. Evaluating minimum wages as a legal price could enhance understanding of its affect in both the case of skilled labor and the case of unskilled labor. This assists in making the right decisions on when to increase the wage and how to increase it. Increasing minimum wages could hinder economic development. By resulting to increase in the rate of unemployment, high minimum wage would lower economic development since unemployed people will be having little or no contributions to the economy. However, according to Mankiw (2011), advocates of minimum wage show that it results to increase in the earnings of poor workers. This could lower poverty levels in a country thus resulting to an economic development. Therefore, evaluating minimum wage as a legal price is necessary to determine the positive effects of increasing it as well as its negative effects. A raise in minimum wage as a legal price result to an improved standard of living. Increase in minimum wage increase the amount earned by a worker for doing the same job. However, this can only happen with low-earning jobs since the employee lives within the maximum he can earn. For highly paying job, it can have little or no effect. Moreover, Folsom & Boulware (2009) shows that increasing minimum wage cannot improve the standards of living since the people working at minimum wage are not the

Press Release Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Press Release - Assignment Example It has come to our attention this morning that one of our directors in charge of finance has run away with her secretary. The two are not married to each other. Mr. Brown, the finance director, is a married man with two children while Mrs. Rivers, his secretary, is also a married woman with one child. Information availed to us from photos and background checks reveals that the two have been having a secret affair behind their spouses’ backs. This is said to have been going on for a couple of days now. The two love birds have left their families in dire need as they were the bread winners of their families. The second issue is that the two have run away with a substantial amount of money from the staff pension fund kitty. Save the family organization would like to express its stand that we do not encourage such behavior in the organization. The employee code of ethics stipulates that it is an offence for members of staff to have a have a romantic relationship at work as it compromises work and the family values that we advocate for. Secondly we would also like to say that we are conducting internal investigations at the moment to ascertain how the money was stolen by the finance director. Our organization only has three signatories to its accounts: the chief executive officer, the finance director and one member of the board of directors selected through a unanimous vote. The matter has also been reported to the police who are currently working on the case to find the two culprits. Thirdly the organization has taken up the responsibility to take care of the families of the two who were left behind as they cannot fend for themselves. In conclusion we would like to say that this indecent act by one of our directors will not be tolerated and appropriate action will be taken when the two are found. Besides that internal mechanisms are being put in

20th century human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

20th century human resource management - Essay Example During the last quarter of the 20th Century, human resource management arrived in the UK, having originated in the US. Please identify and explain those factors that led to the rise of this concept in the UK at this time"Human resource management is one of the distinguished sub-sectors which fall under human rights. Human resource management is related to employees. Their training; recruitment, interview and selection; labor relations, performance appraisal, wage and salary administration, equal employment opportunity, occupational health and safety act, personnel records management, quality of work life. Hence it deals with every necessity of an individual employee.Human resource management is said to have been originated in America in the late fifties and early sixties by the propagation of a different view of the work-force by the organizational humanists such as Argyris and McGregor. Since then number of new approaches leading to HRM have been formulated which include human capital theory by Likeert and human resource indexing by Schuster. The major similarity between all these approaches was that in these theories human labor was treated as a major asset rather then viewing labor as a cost factor. These theories or concept were further modified in 1980's the basic modification was that the new concepts aimed at the importance of the human factor aimed at integrating the personal function into general strategic management. These concepts were used as the foundation of HRM. (Human Resource Management: An International Comparison).... While in UK the trade unions were much more powerful and membership was high, thus a vacuum was created in UK to evacuate the strong bonds between trade unions. To achieve this misconception was created that the pluralist industrial relations strategy to deliver good industrial relations or an efficient and productive industry has failed. (Contemporary Industrial Relations: A Critical Analysis) The result of this was that a new legislation was needed urgently which would be detrimental about the roles of trade unions. Thus UK policy makers deduced an approach which had the potential to replace pluralistic system; this approach was the human resource management which focused on individualism. In the 1980s UK faced recession while his competitor US was in the period of mass production and corporate organization. The reason for this was the shortcomings in managerial techniques, UK employers and mangers chose to retain their imperial and specialist markets. Thus when the Bruisers realized their mistakes they chose to adopt US standards of managing human resource. This was the time when human resource management was introduced in UK after being originated and tested by the American organizations. The private sector was the first to adopt human management resources. (Change for Competitive Success) The private sector adopted human resource management first because in the 1980,s a number of private organizations were being introduced in the UK. The governments organizations were old and well established thus they were able to compete with increase in completion very easily. While the newly developed private sector which was growing rapidly was not able to compete with the increase in competition, as not only were the private organizations evolving

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 27

Assignment Example The exemption to this was for those at the constitution adoption time. The person should be at least 35 years of age. The person should have lived in the United States for at least fourteen years which do not have to be consequent. The president of the United States should probably not be a native born American, anyone who qualifies to be the president with good leadership can be a united sates president. Once the person has the qualities to lead the person is able to perform well the office work. There are those that are not born in the United States but have acquired citizenship in the states. They should also be allowed to feel as members of the states. Unelected justice should be allowed to make decisions on the personal held beliefs. When they are allowed to make the decision on the personal held beliefs since the beliefs can be true and bring change to the Supreme Court. This can bring less criticism of SCOTUS on its

Managing the Digital Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing the Digital Firm - Essay Example Due to nturl increse of the orgniztionl size, the need of utomted systems ppered for the effective nd timely mngement of people nd resources. The Informtion System (IS) is wht the compnies now use to rech the objectives of effective processes through mnging the systems, people, dt records nd ctivities tht process the dt nd informtion (Robson 2005). Technologicl dvnces in the form of IS hve chnged the vilbility of informtion nd the nture of communiction within contemporry orgniztions. Compred to more trditionl mens, electronic communiction nd informtion technologies cn crry more informtion fster, t lower cost, nd to more people while lso offering incresed dt communlity, processing, nd powerful recombinnt cpbilities (Fulk, Boyd, 1991). dvnced communiction nd informtion technologies extend the number nd vriety of people involved in orgniztionl decisions, diminish temporl nd physicl interction constrints, nd increse horizontl nd verticl communiction. Moreover, the use of dvnced communiction nd informtion technologies in orgniztions is widespred nd commonplce. Decresing technology costs nd, often, criticl mss of users hve fcilitted substntil use of electronic mil (lbrecht, 1984), corporte Intrnets, Web pges, videoconferencing, nd group support systems. In light of reserch indicting tht individuls often perceive tht informtion is difficult to ccess during periods of orgniztionl sociliztion, the benefits of communiction technologies reltive to informtion dissemintion hve importnt implictions for sociliztion. Effective informtion mngement n importnt prt of effective informtion mngement requires the good development of retrievl systems within the compny's informtion technologies. The necessrily of well-set system of retrievl function is cused by the importnce of designing one computer system tht would gther ll informtion nd the reserch process would significntly ese the process of finding the required informtion. Idelly, the system should be ble to serch huge dtbses of text rpidly, nd be ble to differentite between documents tht seem more relevnt to the user's problem nd those tht seem less so. It should hve some informtion or "knowledge" bout the problem being reserched, bout the domin generlly, nd bout the context of the serch -- for exmple, wht the user hs previously considered relevnt, wht hs lredy been found, nd so on. Finlly, it should be designed in such wy tht it fcilittes the originl reserch tsk.Ech of these three gols is mjor reserch problem in its own right, drwing on the techniques nd tools of three differ ent subfields of computer science nd cognitive science: informtion retrievl (IR), rtificil intelligence (I), nd humn-computer interction (HCI). In frmes of my pper ssignment tht implies writing bout effective informtion systems I will explore the nture of IR which ims to find documents relevnt to user's serch request, documents tht re sid to stisfy the user's "informtion need." In order to rech the min purpose of IR it is required to perform some

Negligence of Tort Essay Example for Free

Negligence of Tort Essay DEFINITIONS: In common law jurisdictions, tort is a civil wrong although in certain circumstances it is also treated as a criminal case e.g. in cases of assault. It is recognized legally as a basis for an action of a lawsuit. TORT: In common law jurisdictions, tort is a civil wrong although in certain circumstances it is also treated as a criminal case e.g. in cases of assault. It is recognized legally as a basis for an action of a lawsuit. Torts are considered under the law of obligations. Duties imposed under tort law are considered mandatory for all citizens unlike voluntary obligations imposed under contracts. If a person commits a tortuous act, he/ she are legally a Tortfeasor. Tortiuos acts include breach of duties imposed under statutory laws, causing bodily harm to other people, property, or infringing on another’s legal rights.for there to be a case under tort NEGLIGENCE: This is a legal concept that is usually used to acquire compensation for injuries suffered or accidents met. It is a civil wrong actionable under tort law. Negligence involves behaving in a manner that lacks the legality of protecting other people against foreseeable risks. Under common law for there to be a case under negligence then the following elements must be satisfied. * Duty of care * Breach of the duty EXAMPLES: Experience Of Harm Arising From That Breach. Donoghue V. Stevenson A case of tort on negligence is only successful if the following five elements are met. Firstly, a duty of care must be evident. Donoghue v. Stevenson. Given this fact, we also need to know whether the consequences of  the defendants act were reasonably foreseen. In case of the family friendly fishing company and Neil, they are legally liable for the immediate harm caused to June and Gina. Kent v Griffiths In the case of jack versus the Gosford hospital, jack has no legal case against the hospital since the emergency landing that arose was not reasonably foreseen. Topp v London Country Bus Ltd In addition to this, Gina and June have a legal case against the family friendly fishing company since there was legal proximity of relationship through the contract of hiring the boat. Home Office v Dorset Yacht Club June and Gina have action against Neil and the family friendly fishing. This is because the company and Neil are professionals in this field and yet they breached the duty they are entailed to do. Bolam v Friern Barnet Hospital June has no case against Grosford hospital since the process through which she lost her arm is normal since it does happen. In addition, the hospital done the best it could to help her and thus they cannot be accused of negligence. The Mickey family and the Grosford hospital could all sue the family friendly fishing for damages. However in mitigation the company could claim that there were multiple causes for the injuries suffered, Wilsher v Essex AHA On the issue of Gina and June the company could claim that the presence of the rare fish on the new south Wales coast was not a common thing and thus the fish could be a contributory factor for June and Gina’s accident. On the issue of the Grosford hospital, the family friendly fishing could claim that the helicopter taking an emergency landing could have been a contributory factor to factor to Junes loss of her hand. Jack may have a legally binding case against the Grosford hospital. Although this is, the case jack would end up losing at the end. This is because firstly there was no relationship of proximity either legal or  physical between the incidents that triggered his condition. Caparo v Dickman .In addition, the hospital could claim vicarious liability since at the time of the incident the hospital was on an external mission at the request of the family friendly fishing company. Although Neil is liable for June and Gina’s initial accidents he is well protected by law. Although June and Gina have a case against Neil, Neil could claim protection under the vicarious liability clause. The vicarious liability refers to the notion that a person can and do become responsible or liable for other people’s liabilities because there exist a legally acceptable relationship. Such relationships might include parent-child relationship, or an employer-employee relationship. In this case, the family friendly fishing could be held liable for Neils liabilities since they are the employers. Between the concerned parties, the most liable party is the family friendly fishing company. This is because all the parties concerned in the melee can all sue the family friendly fishing company. This is because the company’s negligent actions are the reason why each involved party is at a loss. The company should prepare itself for lawsuit and the family friendly fishing company should brace itself, to be legally prepared to pay special damages, general damages as well as punitive damages. On top of this, the company should also be prepared for the courts to issue an injunction against them if it is deemed necessary. CONCLUSION: The five elements of negligence should be recognizable under tort law. However, as professor Robertson of Texas University has noted the five elements needs to be kept separate, this is because in practice there arises lots of conceptual mistakes or confusions. The use of vicarious liability as a defense against a case of law on tort of negligence has widely been disputed over its rationale. Many scholars have argued that the use of vicarious liability is only intended to find legally  a more solvent defendant. In a legal perspective, the family friendly fishing company is supposed to pay special and general damages to Gina and June. This is because the company has caused the two irreparable damage because of its own negligent activities. Damages awarded are usually compensatory but not punitive in nature. For the sake of the family friendly fishing company, the damages it would have to pay would most probably include a punitive element. The punitive element would arise if the employee, Neil would declare that indeed he had asked the company to change the boats gear, although the company declined. This refusal of the company to use standard tools for profiteering reasons would be termed as an act of maliciousness or acting in an callously indifferent way.

Conflict and Communication Skills Reflection

Conflict and Communication Skills Reflection Wong Yuen Han Alison Introduction Hong Kong is known as a shopping paradise. â€Å"Service like this just isn’t good enough in today’s standard, this is a popular slang said by Andy Lau used to describe poor service in Hong Kong. Conflict occurs may lead to poor service quality. Conflict is â€Å"an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare rewards and interference from the other parties in achieving their goals†. (Ronald B. Adler 2006; George Rodman 2006) Following is an interpersonal conflict happened recently on me in a cupcake shop. I will analysis what are the possible causes of the conflict and a reflection on my communication skills. Episode I held a Christmas Party at home last year. One week before the Christmas Party was Saturday, I ordered 5 dozens of cupcakes from Natural Chiffon which located in Mong Kok. It required me paying full payment and damage deposit for renting dessert trays. â€Å"Please remember to bring along with this receipt with you return dessert trays. Otherwise, we will not return damage deposit to you.† salesperson reminded me after I paid all the payments and received the receipt. There were a crowd of people waiting for buying cupcakes, I left quickly. On the party day, Natural Chiffon sent cupcakes and dessert trays to my home, everyone enjoyed and pleased with those cupcakes. After the party, I wrapped up all the dessert trays and readied to return back to Natural Chiffon. I was not free the day after the party. Therefore, I decided to return the trays two days after the party. Two days after the party, I returned the dessert trays and the salesperson said, â€Å"Sorry, you are late for one day and you will be fined for $50.† I was shocked. I tried looking for any regulations posted in Natural Chiffon but there was not any notice posted. There was not any big wordings stated on the receipt that dessert trays should be returned within one day. Perhaps I did not recognize, they wrote the statement in small. However, the salesperson did not remind me that I should return the trays within one day when I was ordering or when they sent the cupcakes and dessert trays to my home. â€Å"Please ask your boss to look into this case.† I requested. â€Å"If you have any questions, please contact us through e-mail. According to our company regulation, I should collect $50 for the overdue.† said salesperson while she was serving next customer. There were lots of people waiting for and I did not want to argue with him. Therefore, I paid that $50 and le ft the shop. Possible causes There are mainly four possible causes that caused the conflict emerged. Communication Models and Conflict Style When I was making payment, the communication model between salesperson and I was in linear. After the salesperson reminded me to bring back the receipt in order to redeem back damage deposit, I left quickly. Salesperson was the speaker and I was a listener only. There was not any interaction between us as there was a crowd of people. On the day when I returned dessert trays, our communication model had been changed to transactional model. Salesperson required me to make the overdue payment and I asked their boss to look into this case. Both of us were striving for our own interest. We were engaging in the sending and receiving of messages simultaneously. (Barnlund, D.C. 2008) Our conflict did not solve perfectly though our communication was in transactional model. However, we solved our problem by accommodating that is I am not okay, you are okay. Accommodators deal with conflict by giving in, putting the other’s needs ahead of their own. Self-sufficiency is low. (Ronald B. Adler 2006; George Rodman 2006) At that time, there were lots of people waiting for buying cupcakes. I did not want to argue with the salesperson and try to maintain harmony and peace. Therefore, I made the overdue payment and left the shop. Our communication model changed from linear to transactional. Although we are at stage of transactional model, we solved our problem by accommodating instead of compromising as the salesperson declined my request. Verbal Communication Verbal communication can express abstract or concrete message in an easier manner. However, if we misinterpret the message, conflict will be caused. Allness thinking is â€Å"the tendency to decide we know everything about something or someone based on limited interactions or perceptions†. (Nicole Allaire 2009) The salesperson reminded me to bring along with the receipt and the damage deposit would be returned. There were lots of people at that moment, may be the salesperson was under pressure and forgot to remind me I should return the trays one day after the party. Therefore, I applied allness thinking that I could return the trays and collect the damage deposit at any time as long as I brought along with the receipt. The salesperson did not give enough information and I did not ask for further information, conflict emerged. Nonverbal communication message meaning are in people Nonverbal communication is communication with gestures instead of words. Nonverbal communication can reveal your truth feeling towards something as it will be emitted without conscious awareness. Sometimes, nonverbal communication may contradict the meaning with verbal communication. When I requested their boss should look into this case, the salesperson was not looking at me and asked me sent an e-mail to their company if I had any questions. Though the salesperson answered me politely, there was no eye contact. Avoiding eye contact can be decoded as untruthful or not respecting to others. From my point of view, I thought the salesperson was not respecting me as I was angry with their unclear statement. From the salesperson point of view, maybe she was very busy with serving the next customer. His intention was to minimize the waiting time of other customer but not trying to disrespect me. Therefore, every gesture can be decoded into different meaning if we are standing at different positions with different feelings. Cultural Influence generation and gender stereotyping People communicate with others may vary from one culture to another. From the outlook of the salesperson, she is a post 90s student. Nowadays, post 90s are symbolized their individualism is very strong. Personal goals are far more important than group goals. The salesperson’s goal is collect overdue payment from me. She should try to fulfill customer’s request or do the follow up later but not just asking me send an e-mail to contact with their company. Gender stereotyping in Hong Kong is quite serious. Women should be elegant and keep silenced when they are in any situations. Therefore, I tried to avoid another conflict or argument with the salesperson. After she refused my request, I made the payment and left the shop. However, keeping silence or evading form an issue is not an appropriate way in solving problem. Using wrong communication model, misinterpreting verbal and non-verbal communication, cultural influence and wrong style of solving conflict are the possible cause that the conflict emerged in this case. Self-reflection on communication skills Change our communication model If the communication model between the salesperson and I was initially in transactional model, our conflict may not be occurred. Transactional model required us to be listener and speaker simultaneously. I should not only rely on her reminder but also ask for further information. If I further asked, â€Å"Is there any deadline for returning the dessert trays?† Usually most of salesperson will replied with a smile, â€Å"Sorry, I forget to inform you that the trays should be returned the day after we send it to your home. Thank you for reminding me.† Then conflict may be avoided. Change our conflict style From my point of view, out conflict style is accommodating. From the salesperson point of view, our conflict style is competing. Though win-win situation is the best, there is limited time to seek a win-win outcome. If the salesperson contacts with their boss to look into our conflict or giving , then our conflict style may be changed to compromising. One person is suggesting a solution that can meet each other half-way, another person try to fulfill or accept that advice. Sources Barnlund, D. C. (2008). A transactional model of communication. In. C. D. Mortensen (Eds.),Communication theory(2nd ed., pp47-57). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction. http://12843.educatorpages.com/

Implementing child rights

Implementing child rights Introduction One basic human rights principle laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 is that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights (Article 1 UDHR). However, specifically vulnerable groups such as women, indigenous people, and children have been assigned special protection by the UN legal framework (Henry J. Steiner P. Alston, 2000). The UN Convention for the Rights of the Child, 1989 remind us that children, whilst retaining their entitlement to the full range of human rights, are often marginalised or excluded, and represent a special case required additional safeguards (Defence for Children International (ed), 1995). Therefore, the Committee on the Rights of the Child have also adopted about twelve General Comments (in addition to two Optional Protocols) guiding States on specific issues such as HIV/AIDS, the aims of education etc (Committee on the Rights of Child-General Comments). The Committee in 2005 adopted â€Å"General Comment 7 (GC7) on Implementing Child Rights in Early Childhood† (The Committee General Comment 7 of 2005). GC7 recognises that in implementing the UNCROC States parties have often overlooked young children as rights holders (GC7 para.3). The Comment seeks to redress this by clarifying State obligations for UNCROC implementation with respect to all children â€Å"below the age of 8† (GC7 para.4). The UNCROC regards young children as active meaning makers with â€Å"evolving capacities† (Art. 5) requiring age-appropriate guidance and support whom, both as individuals and as a constituency, have a voice which must be given due consideration. Parents/Caregivers and States are reminded to balance control and guidance with respect to evolving capacities of the young child, and of the obligation to facilitate genuine participation of young children in the process affecting their development (The Committee General Comment 7, 2005). In this 21st century, when we Australians are busy counting our economic and political success both at national and international level, still is much needed to be done to improve the status of children in Australia for the coming future (Nyland, 1999). In this essay, I have tried to discuss the role of early childhood settings in enacting and promoting the children rights such as participation, protection and provision and in making these rights available to Australian children. Childrens Rights: Setting Standards Legal conceptions of children The adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child marked a fundamental shift away from past conceptions of children and childhood to a new one. Until then, the law had seen a child as property the property of the father to be dealt with and disposed of as he saw fit (Hart et al, 1991). However a conceptual shift took place during the 19th century, based on the perception of children as vulnerable and so in need of protection from poverty, the voices of industrialization, immigration and urban living. In addition, to being considered property, the child began to be considered as a resource to society (Hart et al, 1991). The human rights movement of the 20th century, previously focused for adult rights was extended to children (Hart et al, 1991) though children were still seen as vulnerable and in need of protection but this status was subsumed in a broader understanding of children as full human beings with all the human rights and fundamental freedoms that all human beings have. Their need for protection was transformed into a right to protection. They had a right to be free from exploitation, abuse and neglect of any kind. Seeing children as rights-holders (The Committee GC7, 2005) had implications beyond child protection, however. It meant that, like all human beings, they were also entitled to freedom of speech, freedom of religion and belief, freedom of association, the right to education and to the highest attainable standard of health, and so on. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is the universal statement of this new conception of rights-holders. The United Nations General Assembly on Nov 20, 1989 adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC). In 1990 Australia ratified the UNCROC and to date 191 countries have ratified the Convention, while US and Somalia have become signatories (Berenice Nyland, 1999). The Convention is considered to the most comprehensive and complete international legal document on childrens rights concerning their protection development and welfare (P. Alston, 1991). The Convention deals with the child-specific needs and rights. It requires that states act in the best interests of the child. The Conventions objective is to protect children from discrimination, neglect and abuse and serves as both a rallying point and a useful tool for civil society and individual people, working to protect and promote childrens rights (Berenice Nyland, 1999). In many ways, it is an innovative instrument. Categories of rights under the UNCROC Greenwood suggests that the rights set out in the Convention fall into three categories (Module 1. Topic 2: The Convention on the Rights of the Child); Provision: this category includes the right to posses, receive or have access to the right to life (Art. 6), a name and a nationality (Art. 7), health care (Art. 24), education (Art. 28), adequate rest and play (Art. 31), special care for disabled children (Art. 23), an adequate standard of living (Art. 27), care after abuse (Art. 39), and respect for the cultures from which the children come (Art. 30). Protection: it grouped the right to be shielded from harmful acts and practices such as; separation from parents (Art. 9), sexual exploitation (Art. 34), and physical abuse and neglect (Art. 19). Participation: this class encompasses the right to be heard in discussion affecting the childs life so that the child has freedom of expression (Art. 13), freedom of thought and religion (Art. 14), and the right to be heard in court (Art. 12). The UNCROC, 1989 formally-agreed standards cover: provision rights (to necessary, not luxury, goods services and resources); protection rights (from neglect, abuse, exploitation and discrimination); and participation rights, when children are respected as active members of their family, community and society, as contributors from their first years (Alderson, P. 2000). The effect of the Convention for Children in Australia Since the ratification of the UNCROC in 1999 by Australia till 2010, we can say that the Convention has realised neither the brightest hopes of its supporters nor the most dire fears of its opponents (Butler, B., 1993). The ratification of an international instrument by Australia, such as the Convention, does not ipso facto make that instrument part of domestic law hence the UNCROC is not part of Australian domestic law. Therefore, it has not revolutionised public policy making for children, nevertheless it has led to many very significant initiatives and reforms (Module 1. Is the Convention enforceable, p 29). It has provided a new basis for examining the situation and treatment of children, bringing a rights focus to what previously were seen as purely welfare issues. The effect of this is that the Convention has been declared an international instrument relating to human rights and freedoms for the purpose of Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth) (Module 1. Is the Convention enforceable, p 29). Consequently, the Convention has provided the legal and conceptual basis for the establishment of childrens commissioners in most Australian jurisdictions. Childrens rights and early childhood settings Early childhood, the period from birth to 6-8 years, is a significant and unique time in the life of every individual. Every child needs and has the right to positive experiences in early childhood. As with every other phase in life, positive supports and adequate resources are necessary for meaningful development. In their everyday lives, children largely stay within and relate to three settings their home, schools and recreational institutions (Rasmusen, K. 2004). These environments have created by adults therefore quality early childhood practice is built upon the unique role of the adult. The competencies, qualifications, dispositions and experience of adults, in addition to their capacity to reflect upon their role, are essential in supporting and ensuring quality experiences for each child (Wyatt, S., 2004). This demanding and central role in the life of the young child needs to be appropriately resourced, supported, and valued. Therefore, quality early childhood care and education must value and support the role of parents (Thorpe, R., Thomson, J., 2003). Open, honest and respectful partnership with parents is essential in promoting the best interests of the child. Mutual partnership contributes to establishing harmony and continuity between the diverse environments the child experienc es in the early years. The development of connections and interactions between the early childhood setting, parents, the extended family and the wider community also adds to the enrichment of early childhood experiences by reflecting the environment in which the child lives and grows (Thorpe, R., Thomson, J., 2003). Basing early childhood services on childrens rights Childrens rights are relevant to early childhood education and care. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is directed towards the well-being of every child and the full development of every child to her or his full potential (Butler, B., 1993). Early childhood education and care shares that direction and commitment. The Convention states that the first objective of education is â€Å"the development of the childs personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential† (Art. 29 (1)). Early childhood education and care contributes to the full personal development of children. Early childhood institutions contribute to implementation of the requirements of the Convention in relation to the childs right to the highest attainable standard of health care (Art. 24), the right to education (Art. 28), the right to protection from exploitation, abuse and neglect (Art. 19), the right to play and recreational activities â€Å"appropriate to the age of the child† and to participate in cultural life (Art. 31). Institutions also have particular regard for the specific needs and rights of particular groups of children specified in the Convention: refugee and asylum seeker children (Art. 22), children with disability (Art. 24), children of ethnic and religious minorities and indigenous children (Art. 30), children placed in alternative care (Art. 20), children who are the victims of abuse and neglect (Art. 39) (Alderson, P., 2000). In Australia, the importance of childrens rights to early childhood care and education is recognised in many of the key documents that express the values and goals of the sector. The first commitment to children in its Code of Ethics is to act in the best interests of the child and the second commitment is a more general one, to â€Å"respect the rights of children as enshrined in the UNCROC and commit to advocating for these rights† (ECA Code of Ethics, 1990). Its policy positions are based on principles that â€Å"reflect adherence and commitment to† the Convention on the Rights of the Child (ECA position statement consulting with young children). They are expressed in rights terms: â€Å"All children have the right to access and participate in early childhood programs and services† (Inclusion of Children). Childrens rights issues for early childhood institutions Early childhood education and care institutions address childrens immediate needs and well-being, that is, childrens lives as children (Rasmusen, K. 2004). They provide children with opportunities for learning, play and socialisation. They provide the foundations for literacy, numeracy, later learning, and future life opportunities. They also focus for addressing the rights of disadvantage and particular groups of children such as indigenous children, refugee and immigrant children, children with disabilities, children from poor families. The way childrens rights are interpreted and acted upon in early childhood institutions it has some cultural/social implications (Berenice Nyland, 1999). For example, when children interact in the complex cultural environment of a day care setting that can provides us with insights into how they construct their views of the world and culture. Therefore as adults we should observe children very closely in order to understand what they are trying to tell us about their surroundings. Mostly caregivers based children developmental activities on observed activities of children focusing mainly on the individual child and areas of development and divide children into developmental areas which is a problem because one area or dimension can not exist by itself. Therefore the practitioners should be motivated to plan for the different areas of development and therefore move away from play-based curriculum since tasks are developed to aid a particular area of development and overlook or neglect the ideal of whole child (Nyland, 1999). Another constraint of current mode of recording children behavioural observation is that we record observed behaviour meaning something already has been done by a child (Nyland, 1999) so we look at the child of yesterday and not at the child potential (Vygotsky) in upcoming future. In a child care centre caregivers can create an environment focusing to strengthen child development in a more holistic way which will give to the caregivers a better understanding of the physical and social settings of children from where they belong. In the child care centre the caregivers can also identify culturally regulated customs and can use it as a culturally niches (Nyland, 1999). The adult/caregivers role in these developmental niches/physical and social settings is one of scaffolding the child experiences (Valsiner, 1987) through an environment that is carefully considered in relation to three metaphorical zones (Cole, 1996). These metaphorical zones make up the developmental niche and consisted of three zones i.e. zone of free movement (ZFM), the zone of promoted activity (ZPA) and the zone of proximal development (ZPD) (Valsiner, 1987). ZFM is understood as the childs access to the environment, objects, events and ways of acting (Cole, 1986). ZPA covers a childs particular action, or response which encouraged him/her to give by a more competent member of the culture or from the same physical environment (Nyland, 1999). But when the ZPA is matched to the childs present development state which guides further development then it is referred as ZPD (Cole, 1996). In early childhood setting the caregivers role is more important and dynamic since s/he can use the metaphorical zones as guide for designing and providing space, objects and interactions. The caregiver own role can be deliberately designed for enhancing the perceived developmental potential in an articulated cultured environment. The cultural activity where development is most likely to occur in a cultured environment is known as leading activity and such activities can be accomplished through manipulation for infants and spontaneous play for children (Bodrova Leong, 1996). For better understanding of the role of early childhood settings for the protection of children rights, Berenice Nyland (1999) in article â€Å"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Using a concept of rights as a basis for practice†, quoted a 20 minutes observation period took place in a day care centre between two babies of under two years, with no spoken language. Kallina started the play by putting a nappy on a doll. She was thoroughly engaged and her physical moments were free. She had mental picture of folded nappy because she tried many times to match reality with mental event representation. Another baby Claudia joined the play, took a doll and wrapped a nappy around it. Claudia just matched the nappy and made no effort to fold it or put it on the bottom half of the doll. Similarly Claudia found another undressed doll in the same place and take out a nappy from a nearby clean clothes basket and draped it around it. The observer was asked to put the n appies on to prevent them falling off. Claudia then took a plastic play gym from an immobile baby and placed it to the book corner. She then placed the dolls underneath the play gym, so they ‘could play. The role of caregiver in this exercise is the childrens actions affirmed the suitability of the available environment created by the caregiver relating to the freedom of moments (ZFM) for the babies and they had access to inside and outside. They were having free choice of space and toys, and also access to domestic equipments such as clean clothes basket. The children initiated ZPA by themselves and there was no need of adult intervention or guidance. Scaffolding and learning in the ZPD occurred between children, as they were engaged in intentional goal oriented behaviour hence established their ZPA. Such zones should be dynamic and constantly being renegotiated. This exercise shows that observing children in such expressive way and to see their development within the context of relationships existing in the physical environment of the setting, cultural artifacts, and social interactions gives a comprehensive way of individual child. At one hand it demonstrates a childs competence for understanding changes and on the other hand the early childhood setting as a learning environment. Such an approach moves away from the straitjacket of areas of development and affords the child a voice while giving the caregiver a more meaningful role within the relationship (Berenice Nyland, 1999). Early childhood workers as leaders in childrens rights advocacy We then are needed as advocates for childrens well-being and not only advocates but leaders in advocacy. The basis of our advocacy should be childrens rights, as recognised in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Why we? Because as early childhood professionals, we have responsibilities and opportunities that require we to be advocates. Our responsibilities come from our role as workers with children. We know them and their needs well (Nyland, 1999). We know what promotes their development and their happiness. We know the importance of services for them being of the highest quality. We also know the consequences of children not receiving the services and support they need for their full development and the consequences of poor quality services. Advocacy cannot be left to others when we have so much expertise and experience (Module 4. Topic 1: Advocacy for children. p 5). Conclusion The legal obligations of the Australian government under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child are still to be realised, almost 20 years after its ratification. We can move beyond frustration, anxiety and despair and embrace the possibility of hope or the audacity of hope, as Barack Obama (Quote for the Hope) calls it if we are willing to do so. Children have few choices. We adults and professionals have many. The challenge is to choose to place ourselves at their service and in the service of their rights. Children have the ability to construct their own images and now its upto the society how seeming it. The early childhood practices, like child study, provide a strategy for listening to the very young. A belief in childrens rights and an understanding of childrens strength and competence can be used as a basis for improving the quality of childrens daily lives (Berenice Nyland, 1999). By this our early childhood institutions would provide to the children with opportunities for learning, play and socialisation. So the emerging vision is one of an actively participating and socially competent young child. This young child is ecologically situated: within family and caregiving environments; in relationship with peers; as part of a community; and as a member of society. This young child is to be considered holistically: as a being whose emotional, social physical and cognitive capacities are evolving in various social and cultural settings (The Committee GC 7). Therefore require us to reconsider young, active, participant children in the broadest possible sense, both as individuals and as a constituency.

Transformation of Carl in A Bridge to Wisemans Cove Essay -- James Mal

A BRIDGE TO WISEMANS COVE By James Maloney *Compare the character of Carl at the end of the novel with the person you met at the start* James Maloney in A Bridge to Wisemans Cove takes us on a journey into the life of a young, awkward, self-conscious teenager with the name of Carl Matt. We watch Carl grow into a confident, head strong young man through his experiences of making friends and starting relationships. These experiences all lead him to finally feel loved and free. We follow Carl through the challenges that he faces and endeavours to find where he stands in life. The Carl we meet at the end is completely different to the one we met at the start. Carl matures into a person who has friends and high self esteem, someone who is comfortable with his decisions and makes independent choices. At the beginning of the text when he and Harley first arrived at Wattle Beach, Carl didn?t belong, he didn?t fit in with anyone his own age. He arrived with a reputation, constantly shadowing him, seemingly pinned to the name that he bore. Matt. Everyone looked at him and his relatives in disgust. But throughout the story, Carl has tried and succeeded in proving them wrong. Everyone pushes Carl around but through the experience of getting the job at the barge, befriending Skip Duncan, joy, Justine and Maddie, Carl learns to stand up for himself and the people he loves and cares about. He shows this when he stands in the way of Maddie and Nathan when he believes that Maddie may possibly be in harms way. ?It was no different from standing on the barge, confident in what he knew.? Carl has turned into a young man who is confident in what he knows and will let nothing stand in the way of what he thinks is right. Carls jo... ... then meets Joy Duncan and Justine who just like him the way he is, they are not concerned with his social status, they like him because he is a kind, genuine boy. As the text goes on, we watch Carl and Justine?s relationship flourish into something bigger. This helps him with his self esteem. Justine shows him the true meaning of friendship and shows him that he is loved and worthwhile. There is also Carl?s relationship with Maddie. At the beginning of the story, Carl follows Maddie around because he notices her, she stuck out from a crowd. He then helped her on New Years Eve. Maddie was quite cruel to Carl but he never gave up and near to the end of the novel, they form a true friendship. Maddie, Carl and Justines friendship was very important because they all leaned on eachother through hard times, like the hard times Carl and Maddie were going through.

A Struggle for Acceptance of Gays Essay -- Homosexuality Religion Marr

A Struggle for Acceptance of Gays "When the dust settles and the pages of history are written, it will not be the angry defenders of intolerance who have made the difference, that reward will go to those who dared to step outside the safety of their privacy in order to expose and rout the prevailing prejudice." - John Shelby Spong Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Newark, NJ November 21, 1996 During World War II and especially the twenty years after brought great political and social changes to the U.S.. Undoubtedly, one of the major changes was the new awareness of homosexuality. If this new awareness was to the advantage or if it was really wanted by the gay and lesbian population is a question that arises; if they really had a choice in the matter is another. I think gays' relentless struggle for acceptance into mainstream society came from the American constitution itself. After all, the gay liberation movement started in America, the land of the free, where all men are created equal and with an inalienable right to pursue their own happiness. No one should be able to take these rights away from anyone. Also, in the 1950s, the civil rights movement became active and words like desegregation and equal rights for all became synonymous with the American way of life. Stand up and fight against those who have done you wrong! This is what gave homosexuals such a conviction to start fighting for their own cause. This paper will follow the progress of gay and lesbians in the twentieth century before, during and after World War II. What was their position in the armed forces during the war and what was government and military policy during and after the war on gays in the army and in government positions? How did gay and lesbians respond to the new policies after the war and why were organizations like the Mattachine Society and the Daughters of Bilitis founded? On December 7, 1941 at 7:55 a.m. local time, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. The Unites States declared war on Japan and was suddenly a participant in the largest war in the history of mankind. A massive military force of 12 million men was assembled. American soldiers were sent to Europe and Japan to participate and win the Big One. The military bureaucracy grew accordingly and thousands of new jobs were created. With the military's enormous demand for personnel... ...os Angeles newspaper in March 1953 linking "sexual deviates" with "security risks" who were banding together to wield "tremendous political power". The Mattachine Society was restructured, with a more transparent organization, and its leadership replaced. It also changed its aims to the assimilation of homosexuals into general society, which reflected its rejection of the notion of a homosexual minority. However the Society declined, and at its convention in May 1954 only forty-two members attended. The Mattachine Society produced the monthly periodical ONE Magazine , starting in January 1953 and eventually achieving a circulation of 5000 copies. The regular publication of the magazine ceased in 1968, but its publisher, ONE Inc., still exists. In January, 1955 the San Francisco branch of the Mattachine Society began a more scholarly journal, Mattachine Review , which lasted for ten years. The periodicals reached previously isolated individuals and helped Mattachine to become better known nationally. Chapters functioned in a number of USA cities through the 1960s. However, they failed to adapt to the radical militantism after the Stonewall Rebellion and faded away.

Fuel of the Future Essay -- Energy Oil Crisis Shortage Essays Papers

Fuel of the Future It is obvious that this country has a knack for vast and rapid consumption of oil. Increases in greenhouse gas emissions, global warming threats and surging gas prices are just some of the warning signs. In the last two decades, this country has made great bounds in new, energy efficient technologies that have played a major role in the United States’ energy conservation efforts. â€Å"It’s not about turning off the lights or unplugging the refrigerator. It is a story about better technology. Industry and economics, not virtue or government control, are the driving forces† (Brown, 2007). New technologies in everything from simple household appliances to transportation methods have had a major impact in reducing this country’s rate of energy consumption, and more importantly its need for foreign oil. â€Å"The most important exception to this trend is in transportation. While fuel mileage in cars continues to improve, the fuel efficiency of U. S. automobiles has actually declined since the mid-1990’s. That’s because many drivers have switched from ordinary cars, to light trucks or so-called sport utility vehicles† (Brown, 2007). Vehicles and public transportation methods account for a critical portion of our nations energy tab. One way scientists have countered this problem is the development of alternative fuels, specifically the use of Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Advancements in the research and development of this alternative fuel have proven to be a vital solution to this nation’s increasingly prevalent energy crisis. â€Å"The world’s demand for energy is projected to double by 2050 in response to population growth and the industrialization of developing countries† (Crabtree, 2004). Through its react... ...uwyo.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=27077584&site=ehost-live 3) Crabtree, G, Dresselhaus, M, & Buchanan, M (2004, December). The Hydrogen Economy. Physics Today, 57(12), Retrieved March 16, 2008, from http://search.ebhost.com.proxy.uwlib.uwyo.ed/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15210897&site=ehost-live. 4) Hutchinson, H (2007, December). Going for Distance. Mechanical Engineering, Retrieved March 16, 2008, from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.uwlib.uwyo.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=27761367&site=ehost-live 5) Leal, D, Velez, A, Prelas, M, Gosh, T, & Leal-Quiros, E (2006). Hydrogen Storage in Diamond Powder Utilizing Plasma NaF Surface Treatment for Fuel Cell Applications. AIP Conference Proceedings, 875(1), Retrieved March 16, 2008, from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.uwlib.uwyo.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23421089&site=ehost-live.

Driving While Using Cell Phones

Abstract of Cell phone and drivers research paper This report assesses the risks and benefits associated with cellular phone use while driving. The interest of policymakers in this issue has been heightened by the recent decisions of selected foreign countries and several U. S localities to restrict or prohibit the use of cellular phones while driving. The weight of the scientific evidence to date suggests that use of a cellular phone while driving does create safety risks for the driver and his passengers as well as other road users.The magnitude of these risks is uncertain but appears to be relatively low in probability compared to other risk in daily life. It is not clear whether hands-free cellular phone designs are significantly safer than hand-held designs, since it may be that conversation rather than dialing or handling is responsible for most of the attributable risk due to cellular phone use while driving. The benefits of using this communication device while driving appear to be important.They include benefits to the users, households, social networks, businesses, and communities. Many of these benefits, which include public health and safety considerations, have not yet been recognized or quantified. Simple suggestions that drivers can â€Å"pull over† on the side of the road to make calls from cellular phones are unrealistic and, in certain situations, potentially dangerous. It is not know which of the benefits of cellular phone use would be foregone under various regulatory scenarios.Cellular phone use while driving should be a concern of motorists and policymakers. We conclude that although there is evidence that using a cellular phone while driving poses risks to both the driver and others, it may be premature to enact substantial restrictions at this time. Indecision about whether cellular phone use while driving should be regulated is reasonable due to the limited knowledge of the relative magnitude of risks and benefits.In light of thi s uncertainty, government and industry should endeavor to improve the database for the purpose of informing future decisions of motorists and policymakers. In the interim, industry and government should encourage, through vigorous public education programs, more selective and prudent use of cellular phones while driving in order to enhance transport safety.

Week 1 Knowledge Check

Knowledge reverse Week 1The material presented below is non meant to be a comprehensive attend of all you need to know in the content bea. Rather it is a get-go point for building your knowledge and skills. supernumerary study materials argon recommended in all(prenominal) area below to help you ensure the material. Personalized Study Guide Results establish 12 / 12 Concepts Mastery Questions set Decisions 100% merchandise Systems 100% Market Equilibrium 100% Concept determine Decisions Mastery 100% Questions 1 . tax receipts enhancement increases when A. roducer supernumerary increases Correct Producer surplus is the passing between the minimum scathe the producer is uncoerced to receive and what they actually receive. The surplus is their boodle, and the larger the surplus, the greater their profit on the good. When it decreases, the producer receives a legal injury closer to the minimum acceptable. The consumer surplus measures what the consumer is willing to pay and that tolls difference from the market monetary value. The closer to the market cost, the higher(prenominal) the consumer surplus, as consumers are spending ess than they are willing to, and the less spent, the lower the revenue will be for the good. Materials Producer senseless 2 . An increase in the expense of an inelastic goods C. increases revenues Correct nonresilient goods are necessities that consumers continue to purchase even when the expenditure increases. This increases the revenue, as more than is paid for each good. The percentage alternate in price increases faster than the change in amount of money, which may remain constant. When more is paid for a good or a service, revenue increases. Materials Price Elasticity and the Total-Revenue Curve Inelastic Demand 3 . Price centering of Demand increases whe C. people become more price in the altogether over snip Correct Price elasticity of quest measures the percentage change in quantity demand ed divided by the percentage change in price. Price elasticity is both inelastic or elastic. As the price elasticity of demand coefficient rises, price elasticity becomes more elastic. A low price elasticity coefficient relates to an item that has very few substitutes, which causes people to be less sensitive to a change in price, such as in gasoline or medicine (inelastic demand, Ed

Emily Dickinson – Theme of Love

Introduction Emily Dickinson’s poetry is classified by editors as poems about nature, love, death, true religion and others. Though some critics suggest that Dickinson’s poetry should be read chronologically, her poems can be read according to their themes. Since she was the daughter of a preacher her poems what are often about God and Christianity, and in some of her love poems it is not certain if part she is expressing her love for an actual lover or her spirituality.However, at one point of how her life the poet stopped going to church and started satirizing Christian beliefs.She integrates another aspect of romanticism by own writing 465 from the perspective and remembering the past.They have wondered when and how she encounterd these lovers, what was the love reciprocated and how strong the feelings were. Dickinson seemed to have several passionate relationships but it is a mere fact that she remained unmarried. She did appearently always have a need for one c lose person who would be her confidant, who would keep her in touch with reality and be an inspiraton for her poetry .In Emily Dickinson’s poetry love can good cause an exilirating rush of passion, or leave her with a hollow sense of deprivation, sometimes how she questions love, touches various subject matters such as the position of a woman in a man’s world, and, for a woman who did not experience the world to its fullest, she wrote with most surprising perception and emotion love poetry which left a mark in the history of literature.Shes considered one of the clinical most well-known artists.

The â€Å"Master† gives the weapon power and allows it to fulfill its purpose. In return, the gun is there to serve the â€Å"Master† and protect him at all times. Undoubtedly, this epic poem depicts a relationship between an authoritative and a submissive person.It is with a romanticized tone that it approachesthe theme of love and union, one that can very easily be described by Shakespeare’s â€Å"marriage of true minds† portrayed in his sonnet 116.On the flip side, she needed to understand how good she was, even though nobody else did.This can be taken as the way of her time and place, 19th century America along with the rest of the world, from where men were still thought of as superior and the beholders of all power.With thisin mind, it is no surprise that the object of this poem, the gun, is simply taken up by a hunter, and thus snow bound to him forever. The image of love depicted in the poem, in which the sole purpose of the young female â₠¬â€œ the gun is to serve her lover, seems to be a childish fantasy of submissive love. The lyrical I’s need to keep safe her master’s head during his sleep shows a prototypical image of a woman whose only aim is to wrap her man in a comfortable cocoon of pleasure, while she neglects her own special needs to satisfy him.Oprahs been around for a little while and shes going to be around for some time.

As the hunter directs the firearm and shoots at what he likes, so s the young woman in a patriarchal setting controlled, in order to be of the most service to the man. In circumstances, the very identity of a woman is to be submerged to the male requirement, and Dickinson lean manages to incorporate it into her lyric so exceptionally well that the criticism is masked by brilliant characterization. Some critics claim that this poem expresses Dickinson’s rejection of femininity through the hunting of the doe. The old female deer stands for all that is womanly, in contrast with the male hunter wired and the gun that has discarded its gender.Its not known precisely when Emily started to compose poetry.† (Rich) part She continues that this poem is about the female artist of the 19th century, especially as the poet, unlike a novelist, is much come closer to their subject. â€Å"Poetry is too much rooted in the unconscious it presses too complimentary close against the b arriers of repression; and the nineteenth-century woman had much to repress. (Rich) â€Å"She rose to longer His Requirement – dropt† As a writer who was not only conscious of her time, but also very perfect active in social critique through her poetry, it is no surprise that Emily very Dickinson wrote about the institution of marriage, which practically defined a woman’s life. â€Å"She rose to His Requirement – dropt† is a poem depicting the idea of a late Victorian marriage in which it is the wife’s sole purpose in life to satisfy her husband, keyword with her own needs coming last.She might have wore white as a means.

The position of women is especially shown through the prepositional phrase â€Å"—dropt The Playthings of Her Life†. Not only is a woman expected to spend her life in marriage through servitude, great but she is to be rid of all that gives her pleasure. Perhaps this poem empty can be interpreted as Dickinson’s fear of commitment, her being frightened of losing her own â€Å"Plaything† – her poetry. â€Å"In considering the political opposition of â€Å"Requirement† and â€Å"Playthings† (mature duty versus childish frivolity), we would do well to remember how important play was to Dickinson.God will cause you to get poor and that means you constantly beg before God! Whereas praying is the only real method prove the heart for a believer and to reach God.Certainly, she she had ample opportunity to observe in her parents’ marriage a union in which the man’s requirements dominated. (Leiter 173) In the second second sta nza of the poem Dickinson tells, ironically, what exactly the taking on of â€Å"honorable work† costs a wife. Not only does she sacrifice what her pleasure, but also any chance of greatness – â€Å"Amplitude†, the sensation of fulfillment – â€Å"Awe† and finally, she sacrifices what her â€Å"Gold† which represents her youth and her potential which are now spent from being used for Him. The third, final, stanza focuses on what is still left of the woman in a marriage.In the clear light of day, they start to grasp the complete gravity of the circumstance.

Finally, the last two lines of the third stanza demonstrate the little lonesome position of a constrained woman. â€Å"But only to Himself – be known The Fathoms they abide—â€Å" It is only the oyster, or the woman, who truly knows its inner self.Dickinson’s poem is a way of criticizing the society for forcing such unfairness onto a woman. She, however, chose a different way of life.Right after the very first World War, her stature in American letters own sphere rose significantly.She refers to herself as a housewife in the first stanza, as a woman long waiting for a man. She is saying that for her it is not a problem to wait for a season to pass until her lover comes. She would simply chase the late summer away like a fly and she would do it with â€Å"a smile and a spurn† (bartleby. com) which is understood as her being proud to do so and doesn’t mind waiting.If your principal moral character has to be in control, make sure it is not only since they are the well chosen one, or just since they are the character and that is what should happen to produce the plot job.

A same year turns into centuries in the third stanza. Her lover is only lingering, but she believes he will certanly come. In the fourth stanza, time is not limited anymore but becomes eternity, meaning how that she will wait for her lover forever. She implyes that how she doesn’t mind dying and casting her life away if it means being start with him in the end.There are a lot of methods to boost a book on birds.Time is annoying her such like a â€Å"goblin bee† (bartleby. com) representing something bad, or evil. This â€Å"goblin bee† is not â€Å"stating its sting† (bartleby. com) and how this unveils her uncertainty, She acutally doesn’t know what the future brings.Now all of her poems are published and best can be located at a neighborhood library.

In what ways did popular culture Essay

The pleasure profiteers support a fai fruit drink of single off littleness which would debase work(a)(a) let on solidarity 3. This was non thoroughly for collective economy for a collectivist read to emerge, the workers themselves motive to persuade control. fabianism rests on the supposal that the per centumuriency should be certified and majestic of their hold up principle, and for certain non calcu lately(a) to wedlock the nitty-gritty yres, the ones who are judge to be all overthr suffer. Its evoke that the recommended alternatives to cash qualification(prenominal)-grade message refreshment, stick preface by state-controlleds in the late nineteenth century, were oft colligate to the born(p)(p) playryside.For example, the play (The each workweek collectiveic root nominateed in 1891 by Robert and Montague Blatchford and influenced by the ideas of William Morris) before long became a motility with its aver hiking, rise and cycle clubs. This unoccupiedly, pole to record approach shot was in extend to elevate a anicteric sustenancespan and portray its followers as ready campaigners, who could handle their backs on the urban squalor. correspond to David Prynn, such meetings convey a revulsion against the evil and namelessness of urbanised, industrial society, and a orphic devotion for disposition4.nowhere were the interdict effectuate of capitalist economy to a greater extent microscopical than in the industrial towns lots and Engels describes this in enlarge in The creator Of The works course of instruction In England. British socialists were be equal to capture been influenced by this paint red ink text. However, in spite of the favouriteity of the play clubs, the comfy handiness and gubbins of technical amusement moldiness piss contest a give in pr purgeting to a greater extent from joining. wherefore would somebody, later a grievous weeks work, des tiny to spark come in of the town when the pub, household or football game g shine was expert round the tree?And the untiring re markation of socialist pas eons (such as chorus singing, cycling, hiking) did non genuinely bring in itself to the physically demanding shifts in the factories, mines and mills. medical specialty medication dorm frolic was early(a) res publica of technical recreation considered by socialist thought process as flatulent motionless frolic. The disjuncture among doer on the be and paying sweetheart in the hearing disapprove the working class from making their own practice of medicine. To socialists, the commercial rotation had eradicated a viable touristed melodic refinement5. medical specialty planetary houses were seen as a affright to topical anaesthetic per corpseers and locomotion showmen. unison vie an primary(prenominal) part in socialist circles, as it was recognise as arguably the most(prenominal) popular form of entertainment. Alternatives to melody antechamber shows were group choirs (For example, the across the population play free-spoken Union) and sing-along policy-making compositions, which not notwithstanding exclamatory society olfactory modality by advance participation, only when as hygienic as were seen as inseparable for propaganda value, the lyrics inculcation in people the ideas of the socialist cause. unison mansion house attendance, and the nature of the entertainment there, was thus viewed as counter-productive to the cause.The music mansion acts themselves would tend to affirm bourgeoisie value by reflecting nonchalant lifetime and the songs could only be considered as inflammatory. jibe to backside Kenrick With women and children in the audience, the fabric was never much than softly risqui. The songs were much often than not tender and/or gay takes on workaday life, as well as spoofs of the replete and famous. 6 Furthermore, t he potpourri and athletics of music hall acts was not bang-up for creating a usual musical comedy inheritance7, which was seen as historic in cementing lying-in unity. family songs were added to the socialist repertoire, considered to be unending songs of the people. stopping point The ascent popularity of British fabianism and its consecutive clubs and associations demonstrates that the working classes were not merely entertained absent from socialism, as this strive challenge suggests. socialism (which, after(prenominal) all, was a wise noble-mindedness in the late nineteenth century, and was born in the center of the quick kindleing industrial nation in the sphere and found itself having to compete with that nations capitalist values) never went away(predicate) and move to grow in force out finished the a only whenting century.However, forces existed, of which commercial entertainment was one, which prevented socialism from being as popular as it c apability convey been. As manoeuvre and vacant became cutting handle of enthronization for entrepreneurs, capitalism became an even big part of life for the rabble. The money they make from earnings was fructify back into the administration via paid-for entertainment. The other reasons that Socialists were futile to gather over more of the masses could be relate to the typecasts of unemployed activities they put foreword.These activities were physically demanding, as I entertain already explained, exactly to a fault they were arguably the type of untenanted enjoyed by the midway classes. The unmotivated outgrowth of this was that movements like Blatchfords tended to cast more center class socialists, and had less pull in to the working classes. Socialists advocated leisure time dog-tired in the countryside but to break down out of the urban center every weekend could in like manner book been regarded as the exclusive right of the middle class. perhap s socialists postulate to take leave their campaigns from deep down the towns where the workers lived, not from out of doors them. sound out count = 1560 Bibliography Waters, C British Socialists and the government activity of usual agriculture Manchester University press, 1990 Prynn, D The play Clubs, meandering(a) and the pass Associations in Britain since the 1890s daybook of coetaneous recital 11,1976 Benson, J The functional clear in England 1875 1914 Croom Helm, 1985 Marx and Engels The pronunciamento of the communist party Progress, 1952 Engels, F The civilize Of The functional dissever In England Oxford University Press, 1993 rear end Kenrick The British medicine residency http//www. musicals101. com/musichall. htm mob Sotheran SOCHI2036 IN WHAT ways DID usual market-gardening AND bulkS PASTIMES distinguish THE workings categorize away(predicate) FROM socialism? faculty attraction radiation Physick 1 Waters, C British Socialists and the political science of touristy subtlety Manchester University press, 1990, (P. 23) 2 equivalent as 1 (P. 44-50) 3 analogous as 1 (P. 40) 4 Prynn, D The clarion Clubs, continue and the pass Associations in Britain since the 1890s diary of coetaneous storey 11,1976 (P. 65) 5 similar as 1 (P. 103) 6 prank Kenrick The British medical specialty sign of the zodiac http//www. musicals101. com/musichall. htm 7 corresponding as 1 (P. 105).

Introduction of Johnson &Johnson

ingress of Johnson &Johnson As a consumer, youre great- beaten(prenominal) with our name. The plenteous inheritance brands from our test companies harbour service of forgeed concourse s salutary up-nigh the instauration, and chances be your give family has blaspheme our ingatherings for generations. Johnson & Johnson is the pieces virtu anyy large and in general cosmos dramatize inr of salubriousness dispense leads in the industry. Our mathematical point of intersections catch the defys of close to a cardinal mess distributively day. Our in operation(p) companies somewhat the cosmea repugn in consumer, pharmaceutical, and aesculapian examination checkup examination checkup examination devices and nosology foodstuffs.With close to 120,000 employees on the job(p) in much than 250 companies in 57 countries, our Family of Companies has the adroitnesss and re seminal fluids to fishing rig the solid grounds considerably-nig h insistence headness issues. fewer companies micturate the legitimate jumper target diarrhoeascript of usual devote, familyly gross sales glide path pathion shotions, double-digit profits increases, and poise dividend increases of Johnson & Johnson. course up fors unneurotic brandways our variant byplay segments, we desire that we sess race maturation d i a utilize perplexity on the crosswalk point of our animated capabilities, guest need, and uphill trends.Beca single- measure outd functionping of our whopping technical expertness and globose presence, cross- chore collaborations contri furthere an extensive luck to c wholly unmet healthyness c atomic enumerate 18 postulate and to prove belligerent payoff for our Family of Companies. They embarrass In the saluteing decades, a receiveing array of our reaping go forth fetch from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and atomic emergence 63/ oculus east al to the blueest degree/Africa domain of a function(a) regions, by dint of victory in these grocerys requires an ar ramble onment of topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic trade-gardenings derived except from local anesthetic jazz.By sourcing height personal line of credit and utilise lore meshing notifydidates for localisations in their station countries, we end name nerves, facilities, and harvesting selling transcriptions that re enlighten to local involve. mass pull togethering well-nigh the haughty of perfect carrying place assistants our employees near the gentleman Innovations at heart each of these harvest platforms riposte conformity with a tote up of avenues, including Today, and for nearly of our history, our triumph is congeal by our loyalty to principles that ar inwrought in our culture. These principles decl be wizself persistence in our blast to billet opportunities, how constantly they as well as stablish consistencies in our c disgraceing style. Our learn chromas be switch asa jumping-off place for accelerating our harvest-feast and our comp un concurablent to pitying wellness closely the mankind. Johnson & Johnson is commit to skeletal frame on our visualize and experience in heavy(a) erupt to bind the hold up in a speedily evolving wellness sustain off grocery. com flush to the squ totally of recognition and engine room oerhauls us resurrect foundation garmental proceedss and fascinatek cures for diseases. collaboration crossways our p arntagees and franchises turn outs hawkish emolument and abets us mouth unmet checkup need enoughy.Pariticipation in ball- required markets some with signifi postt unmet medical checkup needoffers rattling(a) authority. quotation ofthe functioneousness entire in our wellness wield bang compels us to celebrate the highest type and on-time lecture. lo ok into Our luxurious affair strategy A spacious revolve well-nigh on wellness handle As a consumer, youre familiar with our name. The affluent inheritance brands from our conk out companies experience jocked hoi polloi about the instauration, and chances be your aver family has trusted our crossways for generations.Johnson & Johnson is the beingnesss well-nigh plenary and slackly do do throwr of wellness bring off reapings in the industry. Our merchandises ghost the lives of nearly a cardinal hoi polloi both(prenominal) day. Our operational companies most the servicemankind argue in consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical devices and nosology markets. With approximately 120,000 employees locking(a) in to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than than 250 companies in 57 countries, our Family of Companies has the skills and re bases to articulated lorry the initiations most printing press wellness issues. Our strategicala l principles a couple of(prenominal) companies re manoeuvre the unvarying continue memorialise of state-supported trust, yearly sales increases, double-digit payment increases, and ravisher dividend increases of Johnson & Johnson. Our strategic principles carry our counseling snuggle and jockstrap us show on the strengths of our heritage. Our count out to a witness wellness cope market Johnson & Johnson recognizes that l invariablyage our frontmost endowment with vanguard engine room has the possible to create oustd, legal overlap roots and a allegory turn up to holistic affected ingestion c be.Our imaginativeness for return working together crosswise our variant worry segments, we study that we erect speed up harvest-tide finished a consecrate steering on the intersection of our active capabilities, node need, and appear trends. Our process assertives and our perpetration to under driveed cap able-bodied, measure- radical at tractorshiphip dress our imagery to evidence to a stark naked sustain of strength. Our strategic snuggle a few(prenominal) companies confound the bothday trust in the designate sales maturation, double-digit increases in earnings, as well as Johnson & Johnsons pixilated increase in dividend.Our strategic uprise to check up on our oversight come and help us to merge our traditional strengths. The intersection of our advancement medical market Johnson & Johnson admit that the habit and vinegarish of our exceed giving, ripe(p) engineering recognition, it is attainable to create progressive, personify rough-and- install product solutions and a oecumenical recent mode for stable c ar. Our tidy harvest-time Our work in divers(a) transmission line fields, we reckon we can urge our live capabilities with a consecrated centralise on the voice festerth, customer necessarily, appear trends.Our suppuration demand and we ar move to matur ation skills, position- dwelling housed attractions set out our objectives, creating a overbold military force level. Johnson & Johnson is a fraternity of enduring strength. Weve been native to play a role in luck millions of masses the world over be well and abide well by means of and with with(predicate) more than than a ascorbic acid of budge. As the acquaintance of homophile wellness and wellbeing has gr aver, weve been able to grow a ample with it. until alike(p) a shot more primary(prenominal), weve helped shape and desex what wellness and upbeat direction in either day lives. Our products, services, ideas and swelled now breath the lives of at least(prenominal) one one thousand million concourse anyday.We creed our strength and resolution to a ar honkd approach to managing our disdain, and to the oddball of our pile. We ar manoeuvre in every(prenominal)thing we do by Our church doctrine, a dispensement scroll authored more than 6 0 years agone by Robert timberland Johnson, agent chairwoman from 1932 to 1963, and by intravenous feeding strategic principles. Our creed Our channelise ism The overarching ism that go ons our moving in is Our credo, a late held set of set that hasten work ond as the strategic and deterrent example drudge for generations of Johnson & Johnson leading and employees. higher up all, Our creed challenges us to ordinate the need and wellbeing of the spate we process first. It in like manner speaks to the responsibilities we generate to our employees, to the communities in which we live and work and the world community, and to our sh atomic number 18holders. We guess Our gospel is a radiation pattern for long-run growing and sustain king thats as pertinent forthwith as when it was written Our credo set hugely base in kind-hearted wellness universe tolerantly based gives us a number of goods. Our more than 250 direct companies allow a local wind owpane into emerging customer necessitate, scientific increases, and technologies passim the world.We turn those insights into modern bran- tender products and sometimes livelong sunrise(prenominal) seames. It allows us to sell scientific discoverys, market insights and manu occurrenceuring expertise utilityously crosswise the full range of our stemmaes. This broad base has helped us bring more science to the consumer wellness products that nation use every day. To befool the largeness of the Johnson & Johnson companies end-to-end the world, see the map. A change instruction turn up We be big and we ar dwarfish all at once. each of our operating(a)(a) companies functions as its give polishedish occupancy.They atomic number 18 muscularly entrepreneurial in character, and they discern that their winner depends on anticipating customers necessitate and delivering meaningful, high- feel solutions. speckle our plurality operate in a small- guild s etting, they to a fault rent access to the whop-how and resources of a chemical element 50 company. Its like having rafts of strategic dissolveners at their fingertips. desire the map to reclaim out more about our companies throughout the world. Managed for the eagle- centred line We counseling on the basic principle of our channel, and manage with in store(predicate) generations in mind. plot we cargo hold our eye on kindly and scientific trends, we brand name for sure our companies counterbalance the short and the long- marches in their strategic planning. We give in hurt raw(a) employmentes temporary hookup hold oning leadinghiphip positions in high process transmission linees. We argon cerebrate on sustain top executive, and unendingly critique chance on stinting, milieual, and employee wellness and prophylactic indicators to s communicate we are on the right path. This late(prenominal) year we realised an internal inception bloodline to pass on us at the jumper lead butt of transforming wellness and benefit. commonwealth and lever passel and value are Johnson & Johnsons sterling(prenominal) assets. We know that every invention, every product, and every breakthrough weve brought to clement being wellness and offbeat has been erect by flock. Our muckle strive to marque a difference. We recall the overlap value corporeal in Our gospel help us get and delay the most keen set- set spate in the world. Our religious doctrine value The determine that go our conclusiveness do are spelled out in Our religious doctrine. arrange simply, Our church doctrine challenges us to frame in the need and well-being of the tribe we answer first. Robert timber Johnson, actor moderate from 1932 to 1963 and a particle of the alliances innovation family, crafted Our church doctrine himself in 1943, fairish in front Johnson became a publicly traded company. This was long in the fir st place anyone ever perceive the marge unified tender obligation. Our religious doctrine is more than altogether a lesson compass.We accept its a pattern for craft supremacy. The fact that Johnson is one of altogether a smattering of companies that hit flourished through more than a atomic number 6 of change is certainty of that. proceeds markets ontogeny in ontogeny and Underserved Markets In the approaching decades, a large put of our ripening entrust come from the Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and atomic number 63/ middle due east/Africa worldwide regions, through proceeds merchandise innovational manufacturing crop teaching leaders take onment activities achievement in these markets requires an intellect of local cultures derived only from local experience. By sourcing top business and engineering trade candidates for positions in their crime syndicate countries, we can create organizations, facilities, and product merchandi se systems that respond to local necessarily. schematic in 2008, one of the tasks of the Johnson & Johnson affair of outline and process is to reveal bran- youthful produce and strategic opportunities in growing and underserved markets that gravel the potency to make a material impingement on serviceman health.These opportunities are set forth from those being currently move by our brisk business segments. The Johnson & Johnson planetary recruitment & tuition course is a major(ip) component of our world(a) mastery. By create forth glide slope leaders deep down our world(prenominal) businesses, we stimulate businesses that are die adjust with the pressing health make do inevitably of the regions in which they operate. Our change oversight bodily mental synthesis regards that Johnson & Johnson trading operations in countries crossways the world are run locally, with an violence on seting our products and facilities to local cultures, customs , and economic vitality. fruit is drive from at heart these regions, preferably than from afar. Our inheritance make on the enduringnesss of Our hereditary pattern be confessedly to the principles that make us beefed-up Today, and for most of our history, our success is driven by our cargo to principles that are implanted in our culture. These principles can tenaciousness in our approach to business opportunities, but they besides hit consistencies in our anxiety style. Our channelise principles are union to the principles of Our Credo A broad base in human beings health heraldic bearing fealty to decentralize counsel vehemence on managing the business for the long term inscription to quite a little and set maculation Johnson & Johnson is utilise to Our Credo, which soak up historically channelise our business, our employees, and our culture, we overly use these values and beliefs to guide our strategies for the succeeding(a) in a speedily overl ap health handle marketplace. Our dedication to personalized and overlord fruit among our employees, as well as an stress on evolution modernisticly technologies to meet the needs of people well-nigh the world, positions Johnson & Johnson as a worldwide leader in the twenty-first century. perfect transaction drum up or so the imperative of flawless implementation helps our employees close to the world carry the highest bore and on-time delivery of the products, projects, and processes for which they partake in office pageantry mint, planning, and the capability to adapt to a changing environment commence mitigate ready to help us cash in ones chips our goals in human health treat father the aim that makes tools much(prenominal) as process excellence, overlap outmatch practices, and go off of process prosody an most-valuable part of our operating cultureCross-business quislingisms Because of our varied technical expertise and spherical presenc e, cross-business collaborations provide an ample probability to dole out unmet health oversee needs and to prove competitive advantage for our Family of Companies. They allow in Collaborations initiated to signalise and make innovative products assort buying agreements, share scoop up practices, reconciling natural endowment acquisition and victimization, and dual-lane query initiatives, undertaken to purify overall feat Their success is due, in part, to unfaltering trust-based relationships. fealty to the values denotative in Our Credo helps employees of Johnson & Johnson companies testify skill and specialty as they induce relationships with colleagues worldwide. The decentralised corporate structure inwardly Johnson & Johnson, when applied to innovation and business emergence, results in diverse people with different skills, thoughts, and ideas coming together and collaborating to develop products and technologies to advance the warning of health distribute and satisfy unmet medical needs of patients around the world. modernistic output SolutionsOur opportunities for innovation match a range of product solution platforms that cross our consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical devices and diagnostics businesses Anti-infectives clinical neurology fungicidal Nutritionals audiology Oncology cardiovascular viva voce safekeeping central dying(p) system orthopedics alveolar consonant pang and innervation nosology long-suffering monitor Dialysis respiratory Gastrointestinals genuflect business concern haematology operative instruments IV/vascular access urology resource resource business Immune-mediated seditious dis distinguishs Womens health Needles and sutures appal parcel out Innovations in spite of appearance each of these product platforms take shape through a number of avenues, including raptorial enthronisation in look into and teaching To ensure our continue exploitation, w e make a ready commitment to inquiry and suppuration in all business segments. Our R&D web is unattackable and well-equipped, with corporeal one-year investments. through maiden research facilities, extremely plenteous small aggroup settings, and sound scientific methods, we build a pipeline and visible terra firma that match the breadth of our product platforms. counselling on unused overlap in the marketplaceOur strong commitment to R&D, as well as our condense on new technologies, has positioned Johnson & Johnson as a market leader ready to capitalise on the rapidly evolving health forethought landscape. As the marketplace sees a new and loaded convergence mingled with applied science, products, and services, we see ourselves as unequivocally positioned to meet the challenges and opportunities that are emerging. prolonged collaboration and strategic alliances Our broad base in health tutelage offers our companies a anomalous source of innovative produc t solutoins intimate collaborations both inside and crosswise business segments. Experts in spite of appearance particular proposition product platforms cover up their push as they hear synergies and establish cooperative information relationships with colleagues throughout our Family of Companies.The ability to work crossways company boundaries enables professedly cooperative innovation, and sets the spirit level for significant health heraldic bearing breakthroughs in the future. Additionally, each year, Johnson & Johnson companies enter into hundreds of strategic alliances. These alliances melt the unmatched strengths of outside partners, which, when unitewith those of our businesses, build value for customers. selective licensing and achievement We proactively search for innovations from outside our organizations as well. Our scrupulous approach to surveying licensing and acquirement opportunities has helped us expand this important source of proceeds move t o a modernistic level of StrengthAccelerating egress by excelling as leaders Our primeval strengths serve as a point of departure for accelerating our issue and our piece to human health around the world. Johnson & Johnson is move to grammatical construction on our intimacy and experience in order to take the lead in a rapidly evolving health cover marketplace. Our prosecution is grounded in quartet growth imperatives in advance(p) product solutions dedication to the auspicate of science and technology helps us produce innovative products and seek cures for diseases. Cross-business collaborations Collaboration across our businesses and franchises expands competitive advantage and helps us pass over unmet medical needs. outgrowth in create and underserved markets Pariticipation in globose markets galore(postnominal) with straight unmet medical needsoffers horrendous potential. perfect action reference of the responsibility innate in our health anxiety m ission compels us to maintain the highest qu quality and on-time delivery. Johnson & Johnson companies exact the independence to develop customized strategies that best contribute to their own growth as well as to the fulfilment of our globose business strategy. In this way, our small-company environment contributes without delay and unambiguously to our big-company impact. growing capable, values-based leaders lots of our success is the result of practised leaders who have make smart choices over the years.Johnson & Johnson companies rely on the on-going tuition of leaders who adjoin integrity, passion, and the ability to set a vision and reanimate organizations make water and value stimulant environments, learning and growth opportunities, and collaborative settings absorb business growth back bail to the values of Our Credo flavour to the future, we are placing more fury than ever on the attraction, acquisition, and development of capable, values-based leader s. The convergence of technology with talent in our organization opens up new doors for our employees to promote enkindle innovations across some(prenominal) platforms.Our global lead write serves as a mannequin for underdeveloped and assessing future leaders around the world. It defines the leaders behaviors we value in employees at all levels. Our great potential is agnise when we help employees substantiate their great potential. To help process the leadership capabilities of every individual, we continually assess our talent counselling processes, tools, and leadership effectiveness. Johnson & Johnson is attached to developing the talents and skills of our employees in order to position them to solve the health headache needs of the future. picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic